Oklo, the Earth's Two-billion-year-old only Known Natural Nuclear Reactor (2018)

by keepamovinon 6/20/2025, 9:52 AMwith 108 comments

by b800hon 6/20/2025, 1:59 PM

The Oklo region has now-exhausted Uranium deposits.

From Wikipedia:

"Some of the mined uranium was found to have a lower concentration of uranium-235 than expected, as if it had already been in a nuclear reactor. When geologists investigated they also found products typical of a reactor. They concluded that the deposit had been in a reactor: a natural nuclear fission reactor, around 1.8 to 1.7 billion years BP – in the Paleoproterozoic Era during Precambrian times, during the Statherian period – and continued for a few hundred thousand years, probably averaging less than 100 kW of thermal power during that time. At that time the natural uranium had a concentration of about 3% 235U and could have reached criticality with natural water as neutron moderator allowed by the special geometry of the deposit."

by legitsteron 6/20/2025, 4:32 PM

Richard Rhodes brought this up in an interview. He made it a point for critics who say nuclear waste can't be safely disposed of through burial. Well, we have pretty good natural evidence that nuclear fission products can remain buried and undisturbed for a pretty long time!

by wjncon 6/20/2025, 1:55 PM

This article could be so much better: How large are the estimated stores of ore that underwent natural fission? How much energy did it release and over how much time? When? Would this be noticable (and to whom)? So many questions, so little information.

I only know (or knew) high school physics, and when entering this in Claude I get an answer but am unable to verify the answer. Claude says 680 kWh gained per 0.03 grams of U-235 lost due to fission. I am left wondering into what the U-235 fizzed into (sorry, pun) and if I should take that into account.

Edit: There we go with modernity. I went to Claude instead of Wikipedia. Wikipedia at least has the answers. Thanks u/b800h. 100kW of heat on average. I can start filling in the blanks now.

by foobarianon 6/20/2025, 5:18 PM

> All natural uranium today contains 0.720% of U-235. If you were to extract it from the Earth’s crust, or from rocks from the moon or in meteorites, that’s what you would find. But that bit of rock from Oklo contained only 0.717%.

Heh. The garbage web software developer me would have just called it good enough

Would be really interesting to know what the error bars on those figures look like

by Aardwolfon 6/20/2025, 3:23 PM

> All natural uranium today contains 0.720% of U-235.

That's related to the material of our solar system all coming from the same supernova explosion or similar, right? Does this apply to our entire milky way or just the solar system? What if parts collided with material of _other_ origins and some of that is on Earth, then there could be different mixes, right?

by stmwon 6/20/2025, 9:26 PM

Fun aside - Oklo is also the name of a successful YC company that makes a passively-safe nuclear reactor - https://www.oklo.com

by kkwtehon 6/20/2025, 3:32 PM

Maybe it’s a remnant from a nuclear ancient civilization.

by eabeezxjcon 6/20/2025, 3:37 PM

Or a remnant of a nuclear war in a riotous time

by fnord77on 6/20/2025, 5:22 PM

> only known natural nuclear reactor

um, stars?